How are runways identified?

Runways are identified primarily by numbers that correspond to their orientation in degrees on a compass. Each runway is numbered from 01 to 36, based on its magnetic heading rounded to the nearest ten degrees. For example, a runway aligned at a heading of 90 degrees would be identified as Runway 09, while a runway aligned at 270 degrees would be labeled as Runway 27. This system allows pilots and air traffic controllers to easily understand and communicate both the direction of the runway and the intended approach or departure direction.

The method of identification facilitates safe operations by ensuring that all aviation personnel, regardless of their experience level or the type of aircraft they are operating, can quickly recognize the correct runway. It also aids in standardizing communication around runway use, reducing the potential for miscommunication or errors in a busy airfield environment. The other options do not accurately reflect the standard conventions used on airfields for runway identification.