Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of runway incursions?

Weather conditions are generally not considered a leading cause of runway incursions. Runway incursions typically occur due to human factors such as miscommunication, insufficient training, and lack of situational awareness. These human elements play a critical role in ensuring that all personnel operating on or near the runway understand their roles and responsibilities.

Miscommunication can occur in various forms, such as misunderstandings between air traffic control and pilots or among ground crew. Insufficient training can lead to a lack of familiarity with communication protocols, signage, and visual cues, which are essential for safe operations on the airfield. Situational awareness involves being aware of one's environment and the potential hazards present, which is vital for preventing runway incursions.

In contrast, while weather conditions can impact operations and safety in many ways, they are not inherently linked to the miscommunications or awareness failures that directly result in runway incursions. Therefore, weather conditions are less relevant to the specific dynamics that lead to these incidents.